Air Pollutants
West Orientation
Time taken: 8.30am
Duration: 20 minutes
Site Condition: The measurements were taken approximately 10m away from Beauty World Centre, facing Upper Bukit Timah Road. As the readings were taken during the morning rush, traffic was heavy along the main road.
Fig 1: West Orientation
| NO | 112 µg/m3 |
| NO2 | 96 µg/m3 |
| CO | 0.4 mg/m3 |
| CO2 | 28 mg/m3 |
| PM10 | 0.183 mg/m3 |
| Wind Speed | 0.52 m/s |
| Wind Direction | South |
| Glossiness | 4.10 |
Gloss meter reading: 4.10
The gloss meter reading was taken on the façade facing a busy main road and a stretch of restaurants. Such a condition might have contributed to a high concentration of dust particles accumulated on the external tiles. In addition, large amount of grease and dirt are also collected. Over a long period of time, staining arises.
South-West Orientation
Time taken: 9am
Duration: 20 minutes
Site condition: The second reading was taken at the junction of Upper Bukit Timah Road and Bukit Timah Link, 10m away from Beauty World Plaza.
Traffic was heavy with continuous flow of vehicles along Upper Bukit Timah Road but Bukit Timah Link has light traffic.
Fig 2a: Southwest Orientation
Fig 2b: Front view of same location
| NO | 0 µg/m3 |
| NO2 | 59µg/m3 |
| CO | 0.2 mg/m3 |
| CO2 | 25 mg/m3 |
| PM10 | 0.035 mg/m3 |
| Wind Speed | 0.39 m/s |
| Wind Direction | North |
| Glossiness | 12.00 |
Gloss meter reading: 12.00
A prevailing wind was observed to be coming from the North direction. Pollutants from the road are carried away from this face of the building, thus a high gloss meter reading was obtained here. Little or no visible stain marks are seen on the white plaster and painted wall.
South Orientation
Time taken: 9:40am
Duration: 20 minutes
Site condition: Stationed at 5m in front of Beauty World Plaza facing Bukit Timah Link. Goh & Goh Building across the minor road is just opposite the data collection point.
A total of only two or three vehicles were observed on the quiet Bukit Timah Link within the 20 minutes of measurement.
Fig 3a: South Orientation
Fig 3b: Goh & Goh Building opposite Beauty World Plaza
| NO | 0µg/m3 |
| NO2 | 41µg/m3 |
| CO | 0.2 mg/m3 |
| CO2 | 25mg/m3 |
| PM10 | 0.036 mg/m3 |
| Wind Speed | 0.76 m/s |
| Wind Direction | North-East |
| Glossiness | 11.20 |
Gloss meter reading: 11.20
The northerly wind carries the pollutants away from Beauty World and onto the external walls of Goh & Goh Building. This face of the building was relatively clean and stain free and thus registers a high gloss meter reading of 11.20.
South-East Orientation
Time taken: 10:15am
Duration: 20 minutes
Site condition: Data was recorded 5m away from Bukit Timah View, near the junction of Bukit Timah Link and a major road, Jalan Anak Bukit.
This location faces the main road where major construction works were in progress.
| NO | 0µg/m3 |
| NO2 | 34µg/m3 |
| CO | 0.2 mg/m3 |
| CO2 | 25mg/m3 |
| PM10 | 0.052 mg/m3 |
| Wind Speed | 1.22 m/s |
| Wind Direction | North-East |
| Glossiness | 10.50 |
Gloss meter reading: 10.50
A northeast wind was predominant in this location. The wind speed of 1.22m/s brings the air pollutants from the construction works away from the building. Hence, even though with major works within the proximity, pollutants do not have a large impact on the façade of Bukit Timah View. The third highest glossiness reading of 10.50 is therefore obtained from the external plaster and painted wall.
East Orientation
Time taken: 10:50am
Duration: 20 minutes
Site condition: Readings were taken at the junction of Jalan Anak Bukit at a distance of 20m from the back of Beauty World Centre. This is a major road with regular heavy traffic.
Nearby road works and heavy flow of traffic resulted in a polluted environment.
| NO | 134µg/m3 |
| NO2 | 25µg/m3 |
| CO | 0.4 mg/m3 |
| CO2 | 31 mg/m3 |
| PM10 | 0.187 mg/m3 |
| Wind Speed | 1.33 m/s |
| Wind Direction | East |
| Glossiness | 3.37 |
Gloss meter reading: 3.37
This location experiences an easterly wind at a speed of 1.33m/s. The high concentration of pollutants from the continuous flow of vehicles are brought along to and deposited on the tiled façade. The obvious dirt marks shown above corresponds with the lowest gloss readings compared to the other seven locations.
North-East Orientation
Time taken: 11:30am
Duration: 20 minutes
Site condition: The experiment was carried out 20m from the back of Beauty World Shopping Centre facing Jalan Anak Bukit.
The major road was filled with buses, cars and occasional heavy trucks during the late morning.
| NO | 49µg/m3 |
| NO2 | 19µg/m3 |
| CO | 0.3 mg/m3 |
| CO2 | 26 mg/m3 |
| PM10 | 0.167 mg/m3 |
| Wind Speed | 0.54 m/s |
| Wind Direction | East |
| Glossiness | 7.03 |
Gloss meter reading: 7.03
The presence of a densely forested patch opposite the test point, coupled with an easterly wind provides an abundance of plant spores and dirt (nutrients for biological growth) for fungus growth. The humidity level is also high due to the dense vegetation.
North Orientation
Time taken: 12:05pm
Duration: 20 minutes
Site condition: The 7th station is located at 10m away from Bukit Timah Shopping Centre, just in front a minor turning road from Upper Bukit Timah to Jalan Anak Bukit. A small number of vehicles had passed by during the short period.
| NO | 16.2µg/m3 |
| NO2 | 6 µg/m3 |
| CO | 0.4 mg/m3 |
| CO2 | 26 mg/m3 |
| PM10 | 0.061mg/m3 |
| Wind Speed | 0.48 m/s |
| Wind Direction | North |
| Glossiness | 10.00 |
Gloss meter reading: 10.00
The pollutants readings are relatively low due to the slow wind which was further obstructed by several big trees nearby. Though with a less concentration of dust particles, visible marks are still observed. Algae growth was also observed on the facade.
North-West Orientation
Time taken: 12.35pm
Duration: 20 minutes
Site condition: The last location is approximately 10m away from Beauty World Plaza facing Upper Bukit Timah Road. Traffic was rather heavy during the lunch break.
A total of only two or three vehicles were observed on the quiet Bukit Timah Link within the 20 minutes of measurement.
| NO | 32 µg/m3 |
| NO2 | 15µg/m3 |
| CO | 0.4 mg/m3 |
| CO2 | 26 mg/m3 |
| PM10 | 0.063 mg/m3 |
| Wind Speed | 1.72 m/s |
| Wind Direction | South-East |
| Glossiness | 7.53 |
Gloss meter reading: 7.53
Yellowish brown stain is seen on the surface.