Case 2
- Introduction
- Causes of Defects
- Good Practices
- Standards
- Maintenance and Diagnostics
- Remedial
- Similar Cases
- References
Standards
Concrete
AS 1012.10- Methods of testing concrete – Determination of indirect tensile strength of concrete cylinders (‘Brasil’ or splitting test); AS 1478.2- Chemical admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Methods of sampling and testing admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout
AS 1012.1: Methods of testing concrete – Sampling of concrete; AS 1012.2: Methods of testing concrete – Preparing concrete mixes in the laboratory; AS 1012.3.1: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of properties related to the consistency of concrete – Slump test; AS 1012.3.2- Methods of testing concrete – Determination of properties related to the consistency of concrete – Compacting factor test; AS 1012.3.3- Methods of testing concrete – Determination of properties related to the consistency of concrete – Vebe test; AS 1012.3.4- Methods of testing concrete – Determination of properties related to the consistency of concrete – Compactibility index; AS 1012.3.5: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of properties related to the consistency of concrete – Slump flow, T500 and J-ring test; AS 1012.4.1: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of air content of freshly mixed concrete – Measuring reduction in concrete volume with increased air pressure; AS 1012.4.2: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of air content of freshly mixed concrete – Measuring reduction in air pressure in chamber above concrete; AS 1012.4.3: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of air content of freshly mixed concrete – Measuring air volume when concrete is dispersed in water; AS 1012.5: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of mass per unit volume of freshly mixed concrete; AS 1012.5: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of mass per unit volume of freshly mixed concrete; AS 1012.6: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of bleeding of concrete; AS 1012.8.1: Methods of testing concrete – Method for making and curing concrete – Compression and indirect tensile test specimens; AS 1012.8.2: Methods of testing concrete – Method for making and curing concrete – Flexure test specimens; AS 1012.13: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of the drying shrinkage of concrete for samples prepared in the field or in the laboratory; AS 1012.14- Methods of testing concrete – Method for securing and testing cores from hardened concrete for compressive strength; AS 1012.15- Methods of testing concrete – Method for the estimation of portland cement content of hardened concrete; AS 1012.16- Methods of testing concrete – Determination of creep of concrete cylinders in compression; AS 1012.17- Methods of testing concrete – Determination of the static chord modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of concrete specimens; AS 1012.18- Methods of testing concrete – Determination of setting time of fresh concrete, mortar and grout by penetration resistance; AS 1012.19.1- Methods of testing concrete – Accelerated curing of concrete compression test specimens – Hot water method; AS 1012.19.2- Methods of testing concrete – Accelerated curing of concrete compression test specimens – Warm water method; AS 1012.20- Methods of testing concrete – Determination of chloride and sulfate in hardened concrete and concrete aggregates; AS 1012.20.1: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of chloride and sulfate in hardened concrete and aggregates – Nitric acid extraction method; AS 1012.20.2: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of water-soluble chloride in aggregates and hardened concrete; AS 1012.20.2: Methods of testing concrete – Determination of water-soluble chloride in aggregates and hardened concrete; AS 1012.21- Methods of testing concrete – Determination of water absorption and apparent volume of permeable voids in hardened concrete / Methods of testing concrete – Determination of the drying shrinkage of concrete for samples prepared in the field or in the laboratory; AS 1379- Specification and supply of concrete
AS 1478.1- Chemical admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Admixtures for concrete
AS 2550.15- Cranes – Safe use – Concrete placing equipment
AS 3600- Concrete structures
AS 3648- Specification and methods of test for packaged concrete mixes
ASTM C33 / C33M – 16 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
ASTM C94 / C94M – 15b Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
ASTM C150 / C150M – 15 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
ASTM C597 – 09 Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete
ASTM C136 / C136M – 14 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
ASTM C642 – 13 Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete
ASTM C805 / C805M – 13a Standard Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete
BS EN 197-1: Cement. Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
BS ISO 3310-2: Test sieves. Technical requirements and testing. Test sieves of perforated metal plate; BS 410-1, ISO 3310-1: Test sieves. Technical requirements and testing. Test sieves of metal wire cloth
BS 812-103.2: Testing aggregates. Method for determination of particle size distribution. Sedimentation test; BS 812-121: Testing aggregates. Method for determination of soundness; BS 812-119: Testing aggregates. Method for determination of acid-soluble material in fine aggregate; BS 812-112: Testing aggregates. Method for determination of aggregate impact value (AIV); BS 812-114: Testing aggregates. Method for determination of the polished-stone value; BS 812-110: Testing aggregates. Methods for determination of aggregate crushing value (ACV); BS 812-111: Testing aggregates. Methods for determination of ten per cent fines value (TFV); BS 812-109: Testing aggregates. Methods for determination of moisture content; BS 812-104: Testing aggregates. Method for qualitative and quantitative petrographic examination of aggregates; BS 812-123: Testing aggregates. Method for determination of alkali-silica reactivity. Concrete prism method; BS 812-2: Testing aggregates. Methods for determination of density; BS EN 932-5: Tests for general properties of aggregates. Common equipment and calibration; BS 812-124: Testing aggregates. Method for determination of frost heave.
BS EN 12620+A1: Aggregates for concrete
BS EN 12878: Pigments for the colouring of building materials based on cement and/or lime. Specifications and methods of test
BS EN 13139: Aggregates for mortar
BS EN 13139: Aggregates for mortar/ 15/30313572 DC; BS ISO 1920-2. Testing of concrete. Part 2. Properties of fresh concrete; BS 1881-207: Testing concrete. Recommendations for the assessment of concrete strength by near-to-surface tests; BS 1881-124: Testing concrete. Methods for analysis of hardened; BS 1881-125: Testing concrete. Methods for mixing and sampling fresh concrete in the laboratory; BS 1881-130: Testing concrete. Method for temperature-matched curing of concrete specimens; BS 1881-113: Testing concrete. Method for making and curing no-fines test cubes; BS 1881-119: Testing concrete. Method for determination of compressive strength using portions of beams broken in flexure (equivalent cube method); BS 1881-122: Testing concrete. Method for determination of water absorption; BS 1881-129: Testing concrete. Method for determination of density of partially compacted semi-dry fresh concrete; BS 1881-131: Testing concrete. Methods for testing cement in a reference concrete; BS 1881-208: Testing concrete. Recommendations for the determination of the initial surface absorption of concrete; BS 1881-209: Testing concrete. Recommendations for the measurement of dynamic modulus of elasticity; BS 1881-204: Testing concrete. Recommendations on the use of electromagnetic covermeters; BS 1881-206: Testing concrete. Recommendations for determination of strain in concrete; BS 1881-121: Testing concrete. Method for determination of static modulus of elasticity in compression; BS EN 12504-2: Testing concrete in structures. Non-destructive testing. Determination of rebound number; BS 1881-204: Testing concrete. Recommendations on the use of electromagnetic covermeters; BS 1881-206: Testing concrete. Recommendations for determination of strain in concrete.
BS 4550-6: Methods of testing cement. Standard sand for mortar cubes
BS EN 998-1: Specification for mortar for masonry. Rendering and plastering mortar; BS EN 998-2: Specification for mortar for masonry. Masonry mortar
BS EN 934-6: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Sampling, conformity control and evaluation of conformity; BS EN 480-11: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete; BS EN 480-12: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of the alkali content of admixtures; BS EN 480-1+A1: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Reference concrete and reference mortar for testing; BS EN 934-2+A1: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Concrete admixtures. Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling; BS EN 480-8: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of the conventional dry material content; BS EN 480-10: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of water soluble chloride content; BS EN 480-6: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Infrared analysis; BS EN 480-5: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of capillary absorption; BS EN 480-2: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of setting time
BS EN 934-3+A1: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Admixtures for masonry mortar. Definitions, requirements, conformity and marking and labelling
BS EN 480-4: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of bleeding of concrete
BS EN 206: Concrete. Specification, performance, production and conformity
BS EN 998-2: Specification for mortar for masonry. Masonry mortar; BS EN 998-1: Specification for mortar for masonry. Rendering and plastering mortar
BS EN 13791: Assessment of in-situ compressive strength in structures and pre-cast concrete components; BS 6089: Assessment of in-situ compressive strength in structures and precast concrete components. Complementary guidance to that given in BS EN 13791
BS 6319-3: Testing of resin and polymer/cement compositions for use in construction. Methods for measurement of modulus of elasticity in flexure and flexural strength
BS 6319-12: Testing of resin and polymer/cement compositions for use in construction. Methods for measurement of unrestrained linear shrinkage and coefficient of thermal expansion
BS EN 480-1: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Reference concrete and reference mortar for testing
BS EN 480-2: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of setting time
BS EN 480-4: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of bleeding of concrete
BS EN 480-5: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of capillary absorption
BS EN 480-6: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Infrared analysis
BS EN 480-8: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of the conventional dry material content
BS EN 480-10: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of water soluble chloride content
BS EN 480-11: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete
BS EN 480-12: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods. Determination of the alkali content of admixtures
BS EN 934-2+A1: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Concrete admixtures. Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
BS EN 934-6: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Sampling, conformity control and evaluation of conformity
BS EN 934-3+A1: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Admixtures for masonry mortar. Definitions, requirements, conformity and marking and labelling
BS EN 934-2+A1: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Concrete admixtures. Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
BS EN 934-6: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Sampling, conformity control and evaluation of conformity
BS 6949: Specification for bitumen-based coatings for cold application excluding use in contact with potable water
BS 7543: Guide to durability of buildings and building elements, products and components; BS ISO 15686-1: Buildings and constructed assets. Service life planning. General principles and framework; BS ISO 15686-3: Buildings and constructed assets. Service life planning. Performance audits and reviews; BS ISO 15686-2: Buildings and constructed assets. Service life planning. Service life prediction procedures
BS 8000-0: Workmanship on construction sites. Introduction and general principles
BS EN 1992-1-1+A1: Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. General rules and rules for buildings
ISO 1920-1: Testing of concrete — Part 1: Sampling of fresh concrete; ISO 1920-3: Testing of concrete – Part 3: Making and curing test specimens
ISO 3893: Concrete — Classification by compressive strength
ISO 4103: Concrete — Classification of consistency; ISO 4103: Concrete — Classification of consistency
ISO 6274: Concrete — Sieve analysis of aggregates
ISO 1920-1: Testing of concrete — Part 1: Sampling of fresh concrete; ISO 1920-3: Testing of concrete – Part 3: Making and curing test specimens
PD 6678: Guide to the specification of masonry mortar
SS EN 197 – 1: Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cement; SS EN 197 – 2: Cement – Part 2: Conformity evaluation
SS EN 12620: Specification for aggregates for concrete
SS 32 Series – Welded steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete
SS EN 206: Concrete. Specification, performance, production and conformity; SS 544 series – Concrete – Complementary Singapore Standard to SS EN 206-1
SS EN 934 – 1: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Common requirements; SS EN 934 – 2: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Definitions, requirements – Concrete admixtures – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling; SS EN 934 – 6: Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Sampling, conformity control and evaluation of conformity
Steel
AS 2832.5- Cathodic protection of metals – Steel in concrete structures
AS/NZS 4671: Steel reinforcing materials
ASTM A1022 / A1022M – 15a Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Wire and Welded Wire for Concrete Reinforcement
ASTM A1064 / A1064M – 16 Standard Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
ASTM A933/A933M-14 Standard Specification for Vinyl-Coated Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement
ISO 6934-1: Steel for the prestressing of concrete — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 6934-2: Steel for the prestressing of concrete — Part 2: Cold-drawn wire
ISO 6934-3: Steel for the prestressing of concrete — Part 3: Quenched and tempered wire
ISO 6934-4: Steel for the prestressing of concrete — Part 4: Strand
ISO 6934-5: Steel for the prestressing of concrete — Part 5: Hot-rolled steel bars with or without subsequent processing
ISO 6935-1: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete — Part 1: Plain bars
ISO 6935-2: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete — Part 2: Ribbed bars
ISO 6935-3: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete — Part 3: Welded fabric
ISO 14654: Epoxy-coated steel for the reinforcement of concrete
ISO 14656: Epoxy powder and sealing material for the coating of steel for the reinforcement of concrete
SS 566: Specification for steel for the reinforcement of concrete – Plain bars
SS 18 – 1: Cold-reduced steel wire for the reinforcement of concrete and the manufacture of welded fabric – Steel grade 500
SS 580: Code of practice for formwork