Sanitary-Plumbing

• Loading-unloading or storage as per manufacturer’s instruction.
• Stored and installed in a manner so that the interior of the pipe is not contaminated with mud, sewage, dirt or any hazardous material.
• Any internal contamination should be cleaned before installation.
• Unauthorized entry to work site should be prohibited.

No: 1

• Any deviation from specification should be judged thoroughly – esp. proximity of sewers.
• Correct depth of trench, gradient, width and condition of bottom should be maintained.
• Bedding should allow full support along the length. Hole may be excavated to accommodate joints.
• Bedding should be fully compacted before laying pipe.

No: 1

• Done as per strict instruction of manufacturer. Even for pipes with difficult access should not be joined in any method not specified or approved, e.g. joining metal pipes with adhesive. Such malpractices leave the joint leaky, react with pipe material or affect the smoothness of the internal surface.
• Jointing material should not enter pipe.
• Caulking at penetration sleeve should be made watertight as per manufacture’s specification.

No: 1

• Protective coating: plastic sheathing, bitumen coat, protective tape, anticorrosive blanket or shrink on parts as per manufacturer.
• For metal pipes, integrity of external coat (non-conducting coating and cathodic protection) is checked with electrical spark test device. This test is carried out after laying and before backfilling.

No: 1

• Proper backfilling and permanent anchorage are provided so that change in ground condition or thrust should not cause leakage.
• Clean and approved quality of backfill. Large sharp stones, shale, flint etc. can especially harm pipes with plastic sheathing.
• Backfill are added in 150mm layer and compacted. It prevents damage from sudden load.
• Special attention of compaction of bedding under pipe haunches.

No: 1

• Check degree of compaction in situ. Flexible pipes require special attention. Debris or foreign material is cleaned from pipes before testing and the pipes are disinfected by flushing with potable water or disinfectant.
• The pressure test is conducted with open air vents. Before that testing equipment is fitted and calibrated.
• Pipelines are charged (filled with water) slowly keeping the air vent open. Else the pipes may burst.

No: 1

• Construction of main body as per specification.
• Waterproofing (additive, coating or lining) should render the tank as a monolithic and watertight container.
• Appropriate waterstops and sealants are used where the pipes or other devices penetrate the structure.

No: 1

• Tanks are fitted with various pipes, valves, nets, strainer etc. Their exact position and size should be maintained.

No: 1

• Checked for movement (settlement, rotation or displacement).
• Water-tightness when walls and roof are freely accessible. That means tested for under ground storage before backfilling. Roof is tested by ponding or spraying. Any leakage, seepage, water loss are checked.
• Functioning of all components.

No: 1

• All inner surfaces are sprayed well with water under adequate pressure. For service reservoirs, potable water should be used.
• Only approved chemicals are used for cleaning and should be rinsed fully.
• Disinfectant is selected based on required water quality, contact time, shelf life, safety of handling and its impact on structural quality of reservoir walls (BS EN 805). Once disinfectant is sprayed on inner surfaces and pipes for designated period, it should be thoroughly cleaned.
• Water quality clearance: potable water is filled in and after certain time intervals, water samples are tested to obtain microbiological clearance.

No: 1

• As per manufacturer’s instruction and according to the drawings.
• Mounting should be on isolation bed and no site adjustment in height or position should be done.
• Special attention for tightness of joints, alignment of bearings & pipes.

No: 1

• Checked for any visual damage or missing parts (screw, nuts, strainer etc).
• After installation, tested with power on mode for any unusual vibration, noise, leakage or burnt smell.
• Auto and manual interchange of duty and standby pump should be proper.

No: 1

• Handled with care to minimize chipping, breaking or soiling.
• Wrappings and protection are kept intact as long as possible.
• Stacked as per the sequence of installation. It helps to avoid double handling and hence chances of breaking.

No: 1

• Supply and discharge pipes are installed beforehand along with any union or detachable type joints between appliances, traps and pipes.
• Special attention given to right position, height and plumbness of the fixture so that surfaces designed with falls will drain as intended.
• The gap between appliances (except cisterns) and finished walls are sealed neatly with suitable flexible sealant.

No: 1

• Appliances drain speedily, quietly and completely through the installation without showing sign of leakage.
• Tested to ensure a minimum water seal of 25 mm will be retained in every trap during peak working conditions.

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• Any chipped, cracked, scratched, distorted or otherwise damaged fixture should be replaced.
• Appliances should not be used as ladder, standing platform or supports.
• Protective cover is left as much as possible and no usage is allowed.

No: 1

• Handled with care to minimize damage and soiling – should not be thrown but stacked one by one.
• Stored in a cool, dry, ventilated space esp. the plastic pipes. During storage, pipes should not become dirty or deformed.
• Stacked up to safe height, else collapse may damage pipe and coating.
• Stacked as per the sequence of installation. It helps to avoid double handling and hence chances of breaking.

No: 1

• Adequate clearance around all holes in the structure intended for pipes.
• Stacks should be plumb and branches are fitted to it at designated position and slope.
• Adequate clearance should be maintained from structure and other services for maintenance, cleaning and painting.
• Sliding supports or clamping at intervals allow thermal movement.

No: 1

• Jointing as per manufacturers’ site work instructions. If pre-fabricated products are supplied, no site fabricated material is recommended.
• Pipe ends and bends are prepared as per approved method so that ripples, throating, non-uniform diameter etc can be avoided.
• Joint location should match position of access cover and cleaning eye.

No: 1

• Painted after installation (if required by specification).
• All exposed pipe ends, branches and access points should be covered with a purpose-made fitting or with a protective cover or cap to guard against entry of tools or construction material.
• Should not be used as scaffold or support.

No: 1

• Leakage test: after the whole system is installed, leakage is checked with smoke. Soap solution applied to suspected areas can also reveal leakage.
• Gutters are tested with water ponding.

No: 1

• Construction of main body as per specification.
• Waterproofing (additive, coating or lining) should render the tank as a monolithic and watertight container.
• Appropriate waterstops and sealants are used where the pipes or other devices penetrate the structure.

No: 1

• Tanks are fitted with various pipes, valves, nets, strainer etc. Their exact position and size should be maintained.

No: 1

• Checked for movement (settlement, rotation or displacement).
• Water-tightness when walls and roof are freely accessible. That means tested for underground storage before backfilling. Roof is tested by ponding or spraying. Any leakage, seepage, water loss is checked.
• Functioning of all components.

No: 1

• All inner surfaces are sprayed well with water under adequate pressure. For service reservoirs, potable water should be used.
• Only approved chemicals are used for cleaning and should be rinsed fully.
• Disinfectant is selected based on required water quality, contact time, shelf life, safety of handling and its impact on structural quality of reservoir walls (BS EN 805). Once disinfectant is sprayed on inner surfaces and pipes for designated period, it should be thoroughly cleaned.
• Water quality clearance: potable water is filled in and after certain time intervals, water samples are tested to obtain microbiological clearance.

No: 1

• As per manufacturer’s instruction and according to the drawings.
• Mounting should be on isolation bed and no site adjustment in height or position should be done.
• Special attention for tightness of joints, alignment of bearings & pipes.

No: 1

• Checked for any visual damage or missing parts (screw, nuts, strainer etc).
• After installation, tested with power on mode for any unusual vibration, noise, leakage or burnt smell.
• Auto and manual interchange of duty and standby pump should be proper.

No: 1

• Handled with care to minimize chipping, breaking or soiling.
• Wrappings and protection are kept intact as long as possible.
• Stacked as per the sequence of installation. It helps to avoid double handling and hence chances of breaking.

No: 1

• Supply and discharge pipes are installed beforehand along with any union or detachable type joints between appliances, traps and pipes.
• Special attention given to right position, height and plumbness of the fixture so that surfaces designed with falls will drain as intended.
• The gap between appliances (except cisterns) and finished walls are sealed neatly with suitable flexible sealant.

No: 1

• Appliances drain speedily, quietly and completely through the installation without showing sign of leakage.
• Tested to ensure a minimum water seal of 25 mm will be retained in every trap during peak working conditions.

No: 1

• Any chipped, cracked, scratched, distorted or otherwise damaged fixture should be replaced.
• Appliances should not be used as ladder, standing platform or supports.
• Protective cover is left as much as possible and no usage is allowed.

No: 1

• Handled with care to minimize damage and soiling – should not be thrown but stacked one by one.
• Stored in a cool, dry, ventilated space esp. the plastic pipes. During storage, pipes should not become dirty or deformed.
• Stacked up to safe height, else collapse may damage pipe and coating.
• Stacked as per the sequence of installation. It helps to avoid double handling and hence chances of breaking.

No: 1

• Adequate clearance around all holes in the structure intended for pipes.
• Stacks should be plumb and branches are fitted to it at designated position and slope.
• Adequate clearance should be maintained from structure and other services for maintenance, cleaning and painting.
• Sliding supports or clamping at intervals allow thermal movement.

No: 1

• Jointing as per manufacturers’ site work instructions. If pre-fabricated products are supplied, no site fabricated material is recommended.
• Pipe ends and bends are prepared as per approved method so that ripples, throating, non-uniform diameter etc can be avoided.
• Joint location should match position of access cover and cleaning eye.

No: 1

• Painted after installation (if required by specification).
• All exposed pipe ends, branches and access points should be covered with a purpose-made fitting or with a protective cover or cap to guard against entry of tools or construction material.
• Should not be used as scaffold or support.

No: 1

• Leakage test: after the whole system is installed, leakage is checked with smoke. Soap solution applied to suspected areas can also reveal leakage.
• Gutters are tested with water ponding.

No: 1

• If the tank is made of concrete, CONQUAS guidelines should be followed. Else a standard pre-fabricated tank is installed.
• The access ladder, access cover and pipelines should be done as per spec.
• Once the water tightness of the tank is checked, sewage ejector should be mounted as per manufacturer’s instruction.

No: 1

• Proper function of sewage ejector. Any unusual noise, vibration, leakage should be checked.
• The ejector should be switched off and any backflow should be noted to ensure proper functioning of check valve.

No: 1

• Transported, stored and installed as per manufacturer’s instruction so that the pipes are not damaged.
• Correct depth of trench, gradient, width and condition of bottom should be maintained. Sewer levels should be made proper with the use of gradient board (short distance) or sight-rail and traveller (long distance).
• Concrete for hunching should be placed right to the sides of the excavation and bedding should be fully compact before laying pipe.
• Sewers laid in open trenches should be properly protected.
• Special care taken for jointing. For IC or manholes, maintaining water tightness and gradient of flow is important.
• Clean and approved quality of backfill added in layers and fully compacted. . Special attention is needed for compaction of bedding under pipe haunches. No construction debris should enter the pipes.

Laying of sewers (Treloar, 2006)

No: 1

• Running a ball from highest point to the accessible branch or internal inspection with a mirror and torch for correct gradient.
• Water test/ hydraulic test: test head kept at 1.5- 4m without any air pocket. After certain interval amount of water loss is noted.
• Air test / pneumatic test: All open ends are closed with drain plugs or bags and pressure using a blow pump to check leakage.
• For IC and manhole water tightness is checked by standing water for 8 hours.

No: 1