Plumbing and Sanitary
Underground and Overhead Storage Tank
General Pumps and Sewage Pumps
Sanitary Fixtures and Fittings
The sanitary and plumbing systems’ main functions are to provide hot and cold water and remove liquid waste or liquid borne solid waste [4]. For any water supply, especially potable water, any pollution, obnoxious taste or odour and toxicity should be completely prevented. In order to ensure the health and safety of the public and cleaning personnel, it is mandatory to avoid any blockage or flooding of sewerage system by controlling the surcharge [5]. The identified sanitary and plumbing systems’ defects pertain to (a) general plumbing issues (e.g. water supply general defects and leaky joints in inaccessible area); (b) Underground and overhead storage tank; (c) water supply system (e.g. corrosion and scaling of pipe/valve, damaged piping, water hammer and excessive vibration); (d) General pumps and sewage pumps; (e) Sanitary fixtures and fittings, (f) Sanitary piping; (g) Sewerage ejectors; and (h) Sewer and manhole. Design changes concerning sanitary and plumbing systems should not be encouraged since it is highly expensive and challenging to implement during the operation stage. Proper design, construction and maintenance of sanitary and plumbing systems should also put extra emphasis on ensuring a high standard of health of building users.