Algae Growth
Algae proliferate in the presence of nutrients, sunlight and temperature, as well as moisture on surface and humidity. Nutrients from the soil of landscapes contribute to the growth of algae, while concrete properties such as porous surface is a suitable platform for algae growth32. Pollutants from the vehicles may be blown off by the wind onto the column surface as a source of nutrients33,34, such situation may be worsened for level one columns situated beside congested roads. Location of concrete columns near the road and landscape, together with Singapore’s relatively humid and sunny weather, provides all the elements for algae growth.