Chemical Attack

Facades of tall buildings are susceptible to corrosive agents such as acid rain, high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, sulfuric and nitric acids, and other pollutants. These substances, present in polluted air, can dissolve calcite minerals found in marble and limestone facades, as well as in concrete and mortar aggregates. Additionally, harsh cleaning chemicals or methods used to remove grime and soot can damage facade materials. Sealants can also degrade and discolor due to airborne contaminants and deposits.

Case 1 – Alkali Silica Reaction

Case 2 – Chloride Ion Attack

Case 3 – Sulphate Attack