Case 3
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- Introduction
- Causes of Defects
- Good Practices
- Standards
- Maintenance and Diagnostics
- Remedial
- Similar Cases
- References
Introduction
Sulphate Attack
Sulphate attack refers to a set of complex and overlapping chemical and physical processes caused by reactions of numerous cement components with sulphates originating from external (sulphate environment) and internal sources (sulphate salt in the mix). Sulphate attacks can be in two forms of mechanisms: formation of gypsum and formation of ettringite. In tropical climate sulphates mainly derive from atmospheric pollutants and acid rain.
