Case 1

Maintenance and Diagnostics

Regular cleaning work, such as once or twice every year or every two years, is needed to keep the building from staining. A neutral detergent is used to remove the dust and stains.

Diagnostics of Defect

Visual inspection

Staining can be assessed by visual inspection. By subjecting façade models to rainfall simulations under the effect of wind under laboratory controlled conditions, the runoff flow pattern over various design features can be determined and thus, the probable staining pattern can also be determined (Figure 1 to 3).