Case 3
- Introduction
- Causes of Defects
- Good Practices
- Standards
- Maintenance and Diagnostics
- Remedial
- Similar Cases
- References
Standards
British Standards
Coatings
BS 3987 Specification for anodic oxidation coatings on wrought aluminium for external architectural applications
BS 4842 Specification for liquid organic coatings for application to aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections for external architectural purposes, and for the finish on aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections coated with liquid organic coatings
BS EN ISO 1461 Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles. Specifications and test methods
BS EN ISO 1463 Metallic and oxide coatings. Measurement of coating thickness. Microscopical method
BS EN ISO 2177 Metallic coatings. Measurement of coating thickness. Coulometric method by anodic dissolution
BS EN ISO 2178 Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates. Measurement of coating thickness. Magnetic method
BS EN ISO 2360 Non-conductive coatings on non-magnetic electrically conductive basis materials. Measurement of coating thickness. Amplitude-sensitive eddy current method
BS EN ISO 2819 Metallic coatings on metallic substrates. Electrodeposited and chemically deposited coatings. Review of methods available for testing adhesion
BS EN ISO 3882 Metallic and other inorganic coatings. Review of methods of measurement of thickness
BS EN ISO 4516 Metallic and other inorganic coatings. Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests
BS EN ISO 4518 Metallic coatings. Measurement of coating thickness. Profilometric method
BS EN ISO 7599 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. General specifications for anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium
BS EN ISO 7668 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. Measurement of specular reflectance and specular gloss of anodic oxidation coatings at angles of 20 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees or 85 degrees
BS EN ISO 8251 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. Measurement of abrasion resistance of anodic oxidation coatings
BS EN ISO 8401 Metallic coatings. Review of methods of measurement of ductility
BS EN ISO 9220 Metallic coatings. Measurement of coating thickness. Scanning electron microscope method
BS EN ISO 14713 Zinc coatings. Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures.
- Part 1 General principles of design and corrosion resistance
- Part 2 Hot dip galvanizing
- Part 3 Sherardizing
BS EN ISO 17834 Thermal spraying. Coatings for protection against corrosion and oxidation at elevated temperatures
BS EN ISO 28722 Vitreous and porcelain enamels. Characteristics of enamel coatings applied to steel panels intended for architecture
BS ISO 2135 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. Accelerated test of light fastness of coloured anodic oxidation coatings using artificial light
Curtain walls
BS EN 12153 Curtain walling. Air permeability. Test method
BS EN 12154 Curtain walling. Watertightness. Performance requirements and classification
BS EN 12155 Curtain walling. Watertightness. Laboratory test under static pressure
BS EN 12179 Curtain walling. Resistance to wind load. Test method
BS EN 13050 Curtain Walling. Watertightness. Laboratory test under dynamic condition of air pressure and water spray
BS EN 13051 Curtain walling. Watertightness. Site test
BS EN 13116 Curtain walling. Resistance to wind load. Performance requirements
Exterior
BS 4255 Part 1 Rubber used in preformed gaskets for weather exclusion from buildings. Specification for non-cellular gaskets
BS 4868 Specification for profiled aluminium sheet for building
BS 4900 Specification for vitreous enamel colours for building purposes
BS 4904 Specification for external cladding colours for building purposes
BS 5427 + A1 Code of practice for the use of profiled sheet for roof and wall cladding on buildings
BS 6093 + A1 Design of joints and jointing in building construction. Guide
BS 6100 Part 6 Building and civil engineering. Vocabulary. Construction parts
BS 6213 + A1 Selection of construction sealants. Guide
BS 6915 + A1 Design and construction of fully supported lead sheet roof and wall coverings. Code of practice
BS 7543 Guide to durability of buildings and building elements, products and components
BS 8000 Part 0 Workmanship on construction sites. Introduction and general principles
Metals
BS EN 485 Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Sheet, strip and plate.
- Part 2 + A1 Mechanical properties
- Part 3 Tolerances on dimensions and form for hot-rolled products
BS EN 515 Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Wrought products. Temper designations
BS EN 573 Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products.
- Part 2 Chemical symbol based designation system
- Part 3 + A1 Chemical composition and form of products
BS EN 1172 Copper and copper alloys. Sheet and strip for building purposes
BS EN 1993 Part 1-3 Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures. General rules. Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting
BS EN 1999 Eurocode 9. Design of aluminium structures.
- Part 1-1 + A2 General structural rules
- Part 1-3 + A1 Structures susceptible to fatigue
- Part 1-4 + A1 Cold-formed structural sheeting
BS EN 2004 Part 5 Test methods for aluminium and aluminium alloy products. Determination of cladding thickness and copper diffusion of clad semi-finished products
BS EN 10029 Hot-rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above. Tolerances on dimensions and shape
BS EN 10048 Hot rolled narrow steel strip. Tolerances on dimensions and shape
BS EN 10051 Continuously hot-rolled strip and plate/sheet cut from wide strip of non-alloy and alloy steels. Tolerances on dimensions and shape
BS EN 10095 Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys
BS EN 10143 Continuously hot-dip coated steel sheet and strip. Tolerances on dimensions and shape
BS EN 10169 Continuously organic coated (coil coated) steel flat products. Technical delivery conditions
BS EN 10346 Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products for cold forming. Technical delivery conditions
BS EN 12588 Lead and lead alloys. Rolled lead sheet for building purposes
BS EN ISO 2376 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. Determination of electric breakdown potential
BS EN ISO 8993 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. Rating system for the evaluation of pitting corrosion. Chart method
BS EN ISO 8994 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. Rating system for the evaluation of pitting corrosion. Grid method
BS EN ISO 9445 Continuously cold-rolled stainless steel. Tolerances on dimensions and form.
- Part 1 Narrow strip and cut lengths
- Part 2 Wide strip and plate/sheet
BS EN ISO 11600 + A1 Building construction. Jointing products. Classification and requirements for sealants
BS EN ISO 18286 Hot-rolled stainless steel plates. Tolerances on dimensions and shape
CP 143 Code of practice for sheet roof and wall coverings. Code of practice for sheet roof and wall coverings.
- Part 10 Galvanized corrugated steel. Metric units
- Part 12 Copper. Metric units
- Part 15 Aluminium. Metric units
Paints
BS EN 12206 Part 1 Paints and varnishes – coating of aluminium and aluminium alloys for architectural purposes. Coatings prepared from thermosetting coating powder
BS EN ISO 12944 Paints and varnishes. Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems.
- Part 1 General introduction
- Part 2 Classification of environments
- Part 3 Design considerations
- Part 4 Types of surface and surface preparation
- Part 5 Protective paint systems
- Part 6 Laboratory performance test methods
- Part 7 Execution and supervision of paintwork
- Part 8 Development of specifications for new work and maintenance
BS EN 13438 Paints and varnishes. Powder organic coatings for hot dip galvanised or sherardised steel products for construction purposes
American Society for Testing and Materials
Coatings
ASTM B137 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Coating Mass Per Unit Area on Anodically Coated Aluminum
ASTM B244 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-Current Instruments
ASTM B580 Standard Specification for Anodic Oxide Coatings on Aluminum
ASTM B659 Standard Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
ASTM B680 Standard Test Method for Seal Quality of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum by Acid Dissolution
ASTM B767 Standard Guide for Determining Mass Per Unit Area of Electrodeposited and Related Coatings by Gravimetric and Other Chemical Analysis Procedures
ASTM D523 Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
ASTM D968 Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
ASTM D2247 Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative Humidity
ASTM D2794 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
ASTM E376 Standard Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Testing Methods
Curtain walls and exterior
ASTM E283 / E283M Standard Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
ASTM E330 / E330M Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
ASTM E331 Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
ASTM E547 Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
ASTM E997 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Glass Breakage Probability Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Load Testing
ASTM E998 Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass in Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Nondestructive Method
ASTM E1105 Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
ASTM E1233 / E1233M Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Air Pressure Differential
ASTM E1424 Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the Specimen
ASTM E1592 Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Sheet Metal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
ASTM E1886 Standard Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure Differentials
ASTM E1996 Standard Specification for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted by Windborne Debris in Hurricanes
Paints
ASTM D610 Standard Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
ASTM D1654 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
ASTM D2244 Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Sealants
ASTM C509 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Cellular Preformed Gasket and Sealing Material
ASTM C717 Standard Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
ASTM C1392 Standard Guide for Evaluating Failure of Structural Sealant Glazing
ASTM C1401 Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing
Australian Standards
Sheet roof and wall cladding
AS 1562.1 Design and installation of sheet roof and wall cladding – Metal
AS 4040 Part 0 Methods of testing sheet roof and wall cladding – Introduction, list of methods and general requirements
AS 4040 Method 1 Methods of testing sheet roof and wall cladding – Resistance to concentrated loads
AS 4040 Method 2 Methods of testing sheet roof and wall cladding – Resistance to wind pressures for non-cyclone regions
AS/NZS 4040 Method 5 Methods of testing sheet roof and wall cladding – Resistance to impact (sandbag) for wall boards
SA HB 39 Installation code for metal roof and wall cladding
Singapore Standards
Curtain walls
SS 654 + A1 Code of practice for curtain walls