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References

  1. Shepherd, D.S. (2010). Cooling Effect Comparison on Cool Roof and Green Roof. School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore.
  2. Chen, J.X.J.. (2016). Cool Paint in Singapore: Expanding Its Use in Public Housing Projects. School of Building and Environment, National University of Singapore.
  3. Miller, W., Loye, K., Desjarlais, A., Akbari, H., Kriner, S., Wiel, S., Berdahl, P. (2004). Special Infrared Reflective Pigments Make a Dark Roof Reflect Almost Like a White Roof. Performance of Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings IX International Conference. ASHRAE. Retrieved from http://web.ornl.gov/sci/roofs%2Bwalls/staff/papers/new_53.pdf
  4. Synnefa, A., Santamouris, M., & Apostolakis, K. (2007a). On the development, optical properties and thermal performance of cool colored coatings for the urban environment. Solar Energy, 81(4), 488-497. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0038092X06002039/1-s2.0-S0038092X06002039-main.pdf?_tid=a31dcf7e-d93f-11e5-b874-00000aab0f6b&acdnat=1456130484_43674c92498b228aa2e736344ee9bffd
  5. Gartland, L. (2008). Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas. London, United Kingdom: Earthscan.
  6. Tong, S., Li, H., Zingre, K., Wan, M., Chang, V., Wong, S., Lee, I. (2014). Thermal performance of concrete-based roofs in tropical climate. Energy and Buildings, 76, 392-401. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0378778814002126/1-s2.0-S0378778814002126-main.pdf?_tid=9de85384-dee0-11e5-b45f-00000aacb35e&acdnat=1456749380_9a734e2d0e591600a0d1e53029adedce
  7. European Cool Roof Council. (2012). An Introduction Guide for Cool Roofing Materials. Retrieved from http://coolroofcouncil.eu/files/downloads/documents//ECRC_Guide_Cool_Roofing_Materials.pdf
  8. Urban, B., & Roth, K. (2012). Guidelines for Selecting Cool Roofs V. 1.2. Building Technologies Program. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved from https://heatisland.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/coolroofguide_0.pdf
  9. Synnefa, A., Santamouris, M., & Akbari, H. (2007b). Estimating the effect of using cool coatings on energy loads and thermal comfort in residential buildings in various climatic conditions. Energy and Buildings, 39(11), 1167-1174. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/energy_and_buildings_volume_39_0.pdf
  10. Akbari, H., & Matthews, H. (2012). Global cooling updates: Reflective roofs and pavements. Energy and Buildings, 55, 2-6. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0378778812001491/1-s2.0-S0378778812001491-main.pdf?_tid=8834ea32-dbc2-11e5-a19b-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1456406606_d254e62316071a976dc339dd49de463c
  11. Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., & Slosberg, R. (2006). Mitigating New York City’s heat island with urban forestry, living roofs, and light surfaces. A report to the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany, NY. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.543.4848&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  12. Synnefa, A., Dandou, A., Santamouris, M., Tombrou, M., & Soulakellis, N. (2008). On the use of cool materials as a heat island mitigation strategy. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47(11), 2846-2856. Retrieved from http://bb2sz3ek3z.scholar.serialssolutions.com/?sid=google&auinit=A&aulast=Synnefa&atitle=On+the+use+of+cool+materials+as+a+heat+island+mitigation+strategy&id=doi:10.1175/2008JAMC1830.1&title=Journal+of+applied+meteorology+and+climatology&volume=47&issue=
  13. Santamouris, M. (2014). Cooling the cities – A review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments. Solar Energy, 103, 682-703. Retrieved from http://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Cooling-the-cities-%E2%80%93-A-review-of-reflective-and-green-roof-mitigation-technologies-to-fight-heat-island-and-improve-comfort-in-urban-environments.pdf
  14. Cool Roof Rating Council. (2006). Everything You Need to Know About Cool Roofing. Retrieved from http://coolroofs.org/documents/IREPanel_EverythingYouNeedtoKnowAboutCoolRoofingforweb.pdf
  15. Cool Roof Rating Council. (2010). Cool Roof Rating Council and Other Cool Roof Codes and Programs. Retrieved from http://coolroofs.org/documents/Cool_Roof_Ratings_Codes_and_Programs021710.pdf
  16. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (2008). White Roofs Cool the World, Directly Offset CO2 and Delay Global Warming. Heat Island Group. California Energy Commission. Retrieved from http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-999-2008-031/CEC-999-2008-031.PDF
  17. Menon, S., Akbari, H., Mahanama, S., Sednev, I., & Levinson, R. (2010). Radiative forcing and temperature response to changes in urban albedos and associated CO2 offsets. Environmental Research Letters, 5(1), 014005. Retrieved from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kb783gf#page-1
  18. Global Cool Cities Alliance. (2012). A Practical Guide to Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements. Retrieved from http://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/pdfs/CoolRoofToolkit_Full.pdf
  19. Levinson, R., Akbari, H., Konopacki, S., & Bretz, S. (2005). Inclusion of cool roofs in nonresidential Title 24 prescriptive requirements. Energy Policy, 33(2), 151-170. Retrieved from http://eprints.cdlib.org/uc/item/99g5p7pb
  20. Sleiman, M., Ban-Weiss, G., Gilbert, H., Francois, D., Berdahl, P., Kirchstetter, T., . . . Levinson, R. (2011). Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar reflectance—Part I: Analysis of roofing product databases. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95(12), 3385-3399. Retrieved from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n18r135
  21. Jacobson, M., & Ten Hoeve, J. (2012). Effects of urban surfaces and white roofs on global and regional climate. Journal of climate, 25(3), 1028-1044. Retrieved from http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/Others/HeatIsland+WhiteRfs0911.pdf
  22. Menon, S., Levinson, R., Fischer, M., Millstein, D., Brown, N., Salamanca, F., . . . Rosenfeld, A. (2011). Cool Roofs and Global Cooling . Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Heat Island Group. Retrieved from https://heatisland.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/LBNL%20Heat%20Island%20Group%20response%20to%20Jacobson%20and%20Ten%20Hoeve%20(2011),%20November%204%202011.pdf
  23. Hernández-Pérez, I., Álvarez, G., Xamán, J., Zavala-Guillén, I., Arce, J., & Simá, E. (2014). Thermal performance of reflective materials applied to exterior building components — A review. Energy and Buildings, 80, 81-105.
  24. Hall, B., & Khan, B. (2003). Adoption of new technology. UC Berkeley, Department of Economics. Cambridge: National bureau of economic research. Retrieved from http://eprints.cdlib.org/uc/item/3wg4p528
  25. Nippon Paint. (2015). Technical Data Sheet for Nippon SolaReflect. Retrieved from http://www.nipponpaint.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/uploadedimages/Solareflect-01-Sep-2015.pdf
  26. ASHRAE. (2004). Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (Standard 90.1-2004). Atlanta, GA, USA: ASHRAE. doi:1041-2336
  27. Ministry of National Development (2005). Building Maintenance and Strata Management (Lift and Building Maintenance) Regulations 2005. Singapore: Building and Construction Authority. Retrieved from https://www.bca.gov.sg/Publications/BMSM/BMSM_lift_and_building_maintenance_reg.html

References for Figures

  • Figure 1: Synnefa, A., Santamouris, M., & Apostolakis, K. (2007a). On the development, optical properties and thermal performance of cool colored coatings for the urban environment. Solar Energy, 81(4), 488-497.
  • Figure 2 and 3: Gartland, L. (2008). Heat Islands: Understanding and Mitigating Heat in Urban Areas. London, United Kingdom: Earthscan.